RALEIGH, N.C. – In its search for fugitives, the
FBI has begun using
facial-recognition technology on millions of motorists, comparing
driver's license photos
with pictures of convicts in a high-tech analysis of chin widths and nose sizes.
The project in North Carolina
has already helped nab at least one suspect. Agents are eager to look for more
criminals and possibly to expand the effort nationwide. But privacy advocates
worry that the method allows authorities to track people who have done nothing
wrong.
"Everybody's participating, essentially, in a virtual lineup by getting a
driver's license," said Christopher Calabrese, an attorney who focuses on
privacy issues at the American
Civil Liberties Union.
Earlier this year, investigators learned that a double-homicide suspect named
Rodolfo Corrales had moved to North Carolina. The FBI took a 1991 booking photo
from California and
compared it with 30 million photos stored by the
motor vehicle agency in
Raleigh.
In seconds, the search returned dozens of drivers who resembled Corrales, and
an FBI analyst reviewed a gallery of images before zeroing in on a man who
called himself Jose Solis.
A week later, after corroborating Corrales' identity, agents arrested him in
High Point, southwest of
Greensboro, where they believe he had built a new life under the assumed name.
Corrales is scheduled for a preliminary hearing in
Los Angeles later this
month.
"Running facial recognition is not very labor-intensive at all," analyst
Michael Garcia said. "If I
can probe a hundred fugitives and get one or two, that's a home run."
Facial-recognition software is not entirely new, but the
North Carolina project is
the first major step for the FBI as it considers expanding use of the technology
to find fugitives nationwide.
So-called biometric information that is unique to each person also includes
fingerprints and DNA. More distant possibilities include iris patterns in the
eye, voices, scent and even a person's gait.
FBI officials have organized a panel of authorities to study how best to
increase use of the software. It will take at least a year to establish
standards for license photos, and there's no timetable to roll out the program
nationally.
Calabrese said Americans should be concerned about how their driver's
licenses are being used.
Licenses "started as a permission to drive," he said. "Now you need them to
open a bank account. You need them to be identified everywhere. And suddenly
they're becoming the de facto law
enforcement database."